Glucose EAQs Practice Test 2026 – Comprehensive Exam Prep

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The nurse teaching a prenatal class is asked why infants of a diabetic mother are larger than those born to women who do not have diabetes. On which information about pregnancy and diabetes would the nurse base the response?

Extra circulating glucose causes the fetus to acquire fatty deposits.

When a mother has diabetes, excess glucose crosses the placenta into the fetus, causing fetal hyperglycemia. In response, the fetus releases more insulin, and this insulin acts as a growth factor, promoting tissue growth and fat deposition. The result is a larger fetus, or macrosomia.

This explains why extra circulating glucose leads to increased fetal size. Reduced oxygen supply would more likely relate to placental insufficiency and growth restriction, not increased size. Increased insulin in the fetus does not reduce growth; it promotes it. And maternal diabetes clearly affects fetal size, so saying there’s no effect isn’t accurate.

Fetus experiences reduced oxygen supply.

Increased insulin reduces fetal growth.

Maternal diabetes has no effect on fetal size.